POLICE ACTION IN 1948
_
The Prime Minister of Hyderabad Mir Ali Laik boasted that if "the government of India took some action against Hyderabad, 100,000 men are willing to fight. Also have a hundred terrorists in Saudi Arabia ready to bomb Bombay!" Within the scope of Nizam, led by Kasim Razvi Razakars, had intensified its campaign. Within five days of the "police action" in reality a military operation, was all but over and the army ordered to Hyderabad by Major General El-Edroos formally surrendered. The Indian Army "police action" was as violent as it was swift. 1373 killed and captured Razakars 1911. Furthermore Hyderabad State Army lost 807 killed and 1,647 captured. The losses of the Indian Army never officially released, but a figure of less than 10 deaths are commonly accepted. It was a sudden and crushing blow to a movement that was committed to raising the flag at Fort Rojo. Asafia the time of independence of India, Hyderabad was the largest princely Indian state in terms of population and GNP . Its territory of 82.698 miles square was more than that of England and Scotland together. LaCenso of 1941 its population was estimated to be 16.34 million, over 85% of those who were Hindus and Muslims accounting for about 12%. He was also a multilingual state composed of the Telugu-speaking people (48.2%), Marathi (26.4%), Kannada (12.3%) and Urdu (10.3%). Its wide diversity and heritage can be seen in the historical monuments at Ajanta, Ellora and Daulatabad in Marathawada, Bijapur, Bidar, Gulbarga, Karnataka Anegondi and Kampili, and Warangal and Nagarjunakonda of Telangana. history of the city of Hyderabad dates back to Century 11 when Kakatiya kings of Warangal built the fortress later became famous as Quli Qutab Shah Golconda.Mohammed founded the capital city we now know that in the year 1590. Quli Qutab Shah was a romantic man and first called his Bhagyanagar of the city after his Indian origin, Queen Bhagmati. Bhagmati later took the name of Haider Mahal and thus, Hyderabad. Haider Mahal also inspired him to write the immortal lines ". Piya piya jaaye Baaj pyaala na, na jaaye jiya piya yakthil" This romanticism imbued with the spirit of Hyderabad through most of all his existencia.Hyderabad, not only was his own army, but also had its own railways, airlines, postal services, Broadcasting network and currency. The Nizam and his court ruled on it with the British resident keeping a close eye and watchful over all things. The British army also had a permanent garrison, only if the "faithful ally of the King Emperor" was found lacking fe.Como can imagine I was a Muslim dominated state. Usually, in 1911, 70% of the police, the army 55% and 26% of the public were Muslims. In 1941 a report on the Civil Service revealed that la1765 officials, 1,268 were Muslims, 421 were Hindus, and 121 others, British, presumably, Christians, Parsis and Sikhs. Of the officials who are paid a wage between Rs.600-1200 pm, 59 were Muslims, 38 were "other" and only 5 were Hindus. The Nizam and his nobles, who were mostly Muslims, owned 40% of all land in the Asaf Jah dynasty reino.La born in the waning years of the Mughal Empire. Mir Qamruddin an Indian-born Muslim general was appointed first governor of the Deccan in 1707. It was called the Nizam-ul-Mulk. He returned to New Delhi soon after the uncertainty and confusion overtook the house of Babar. Qamruddin after a brief stint as the Mughal vizier returned to the Deccan in 1723 to carve out a separate domain by itself. Now it was Asaf Jah I. Upon his death in 1748 his second son and a grandson, who secured the support of the French and British, respectively, contested the succession. The Frenchman won this time, but in 1761 the French were almost defeated by the British in the Carnatic wars. In 1798 Hyderabad was under the command of English when Asaf Jah II entered into an alliance with a subsidiary of the East India Company, which ensured that Hyderabad remained under the dominion of the Nizam, but under his dirección.Además can imagine there was absolutely no political activity in the realm of most of this period. The faithful ally remained just that, while British war waged in the Maratha, Sikh, and then by introducing the doctrine of the period came to gobble princely state after state. Even the war of 1857 have been approved by Hyderabad. The first movement began in 1927 when the Majlis-e-Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen was formed to unite various Islamic sects to "solve their problems in the beginning of Islam" and to protect the economic, social and educational of the musulmanes.En 1933 a local association or Mulki was born Hindus and Muslims call the League of Nizam Subjects was formed as a reaction to the continued dominance of non-Mulki in government, although most of them were Muslims. This soon became known as the Mulki League. It was the Mulki League who first floated the idea of responsible government in Hyderabad. In 1937 the Mulki League split between the more radical elements who were mostly Hindus and the status quo steeper. This led to the formation of the Convention of the People of Hyderabad in 1937, a prelude to the creation of the Hyderabad State Congress the following year. With this, the movement for political and constitutional reform took impulso.El Hyderabad State Congress agitation coincided with a parallel agitation led by the Arya Samaj and Hindu Mahasabha of VD Savarkar of Hindu civil rights. By far the interests of Congress and Hindu organizations coincided. This put them squarely against the Majlis who were led by Bahadur Yar Jung now. Bahadur Yar Jung was a charismatic figure became popular among Muslims. He also had the ear of the Nizam, Osman Ali. The main objective of Bahadur Yar Jung was to establish that Hyderabad was separated from the rest of India and should be declared a Muslim state. The Majlis also considered the British-style parliamentary democracy as unfit to India in general and Hyderabad in particular. Bahadur Yar Jung summed it up well: "Majlis policy is to maintain the sovereignty of His Exalted Highness intact and to prevent Hindus from establishing supremacy over Muslims." The leadership of Congress was more nationalistic overtones after the arrival of Swami Ramanand Tirtha on the scene. Tirtha came from Gulbarga and as a young man became a sadhu. He became President of the Congress of Hyderabad in 1946 and attracted around him several young men who rose to fame in independent India. The first one was PV Narasimha Rao. Others were former interior minister and Maharashtra Chief Minister, SB Chavan, former Karnataka Chief Minister Veerendra Patil and former chief minister of A.P, C.M, Channa Reddy. Thus Tirtha transformed the Congress party dominated by Marathi speakers and Arya Samajis a broad-based organization that represents the diversity of Hyderabad.Mientras that Congress was gaining strength, the Communists were also active in the areas of language Telugu . They captured the Andhra Mahasabha was formed in 1921 to represent the interests of the Telugu speaking people in 1942. Unlike the Congress of Hyderabad, who took the example of Mahatma Gandhi and launched a movement for democratic rights in the state that run in parallel with the Quit India movement, the Communists joined with the Majlis to support the Nizam, which, being a staunch ally of the British completely immersed in the war effort. When World War II ended the Communists, now along the lines of BT Ranadive militant took the road of armed revolution. It is said that when they went to Stalin for help in 1948, took a look at the map and decided that armed insurrection was impossible to sustain in landlocked Telangana CPI was advised accordingly to seek other ways of coming to power arrival of the army of India introduced major changes in its path being sought from political activity began in the state. The Muslim elite were soon marginalized and many emigrated to Pakistán.Otros as Ali Yavar Jung made a smooth transition to the new orden.Una new bureaucratic elite was installed quickly, even as the communist insurgency was being smothered. The Nizam quickly came to terms with new circumstances and rajpramukh became the last state of the Union of India. Nothing reflects the delivery of the baton better than the transition in the Club of Secunderabad seen in the photo gallery of former Presidents. The Club was a long time and the citadel of power, prestige and privileges in the state has always had a British high as its Chairman. Major General-Edroos C in C Army Hyderabad state became the first non British in 1947. In March 1949 gave way to Major General JN Chaudhry, the Military Governor. Times change and still photos really reflect this! The history of Hyderabad goes on. States Re-organization Charter of 1956 saw an end, areas went to Maharashtra Marathi, Kannada speaking areas of Karnataka, and the city of Hyderabad and Telangana in A.P. were absorbed.
The Prime Minister of Hyderabad Mir Ali Laik boasted that if "the government of India took some action against Hyderabad, 100,000 men are willing to fight. Also have a hundred terrorists in Saudi Arabia ready to bomb Bombay!" Within the scope of Nizam, led by Kasim Razvi Razakars, had intensified its campaign. Within five days of the "police action" in reality a military operation, was all but over and the army ordered to Hyderabad by Major General El-Edroos formally surrendered. The Indian Army "police action" was as violent as it was swift. 1373 killed and captured Razakars 1911. Furthermore Hyderabad State Army lost 807 killed and 1,647 captured. The losses of the Indian Army never officially released, but a figure of less than 10 deaths are commonly accepted. It was a sudden and crushing blow to a movement that was committed to raising the flag at Fort Rojo. Asafia the time of independence of India, Hyderabad was the largest princely Indian state in terms of population and GNP . Its territory of 82.698 miles square was more than that of England and Scotland together. LaCenso of 1941 its population was estimated to be 16.34 million, over 85% of those who were Hindus and Muslims accounting for about 12%. He was also a multilingual state composed of the Telugu-speaking people (48.2%), Marathi (26.4%), Kannada (12.3%) and Urdu (10.3%). Its wide diversity and heritage can be seen in the historical monuments at Ajanta, Ellora and Daulatabad in Marathawada, Bijapur, Bidar, Gulbarga, Karnataka Anegondi and Kampili, and Warangal and Nagarjunakonda of Telangana. history of the city of Hyderabad dates back to Century 11 when Kakatiya kings of Warangal built the fortress later became famous as Quli Qutab Shah Golconda.Mohammed founded the capital city we now know that in the year 1590. Quli Qutab Shah was a romantic man and first called his Bhagyanagar of the city after his Indian origin, Queen Bhagmati. Bhagmati later took the name of Haider Mahal and thus, Hyderabad. Haider Mahal also inspired him to write the immortal lines ". Piya piya jaaye Baaj pyaala na, na jaaye jiya piya yakthil" This romanticism imbued with the spirit of Hyderabad through most of all his existencia.Hyderabad, not only was his own army, but also had its own railways, airlines, postal services, Broadcasting network and currency. The Nizam and his court ruled on it with the British resident keeping a close eye and watchful over all things. The British army also had a permanent garrison, only if the "faithful ally of the King Emperor" was found lacking fe.Como can imagine I was a Muslim dominated state. Usually, in 1911, 70% of the police, the army 55% and 26% of the public were Muslims. In 1941 a report on the Civil Service revealed that la1765 officials, 1,268 were Muslims, 421 were Hindus, and 121 others, British, presumably, Christians, Parsis and Sikhs. Of the officials who are paid a wage between Rs.600-1200 pm, 59 were Muslims, 38 were "other" and only 5 were Hindus. The Nizam and his nobles, who were mostly Muslims, owned 40% of all land in the Asaf Jah dynasty reino.La born in the waning years of the Mughal Empire. Mir Qamruddin an Indian-born Muslim general was appointed first governor of the Deccan in 1707. It was called the Nizam-ul-Mulk. He returned to New Delhi soon after the uncertainty and confusion overtook the house of Babar. Qamruddin after a brief stint as the Mughal vizier returned to the Deccan in 1723 to carve out a separate domain by itself. Now it was Asaf Jah I. Upon his death in 1748 his second son and a grandson, who secured the support of the French and British, respectively, contested the succession. The Frenchman won this time, but in 1761 the French were almost defeated by the British in the Carnatic wars. In 1798 Hyderabad was under the command of English when Asaf Jah II entered into an alliance with a subsidiary of the East India Company, which ensured that Hyderabad remained under the dominion of the Nizam, but under his dirección.Además can imagine there was absolutely no political activity in the realm of most of this period. The faithful ally remained just that, while British war waged in the Maratha, Sikh, and then by introducing the doctrine of the period came to gobble princely state after state. Even the war of 1857 have been approved by Hyderabad. The first movement began in 1927 when the Majlis-e-Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen was formed to unite various Islamic sects to "solve their problems in the beginning of Islam" and to protect the economic, social and educational of the musulmanes.En 1933 a local association or Mulki was born Hindus and Muslims call the League of Nizam Subjects was formed as a reaction to the continued dominance of non-Mulki in government, although most of them were Muslims. This soon became known as the Mulki League. It was the Mulki League who first floated the idea of responsible government in Hyderabad. In 1937 the Mulki League split between the more radical elements who were mostly Hindus and the status quo steeper. This led to the formation of the Convention of the People of Hyderabad in 1937, a prelude to the creation of the Hyderabad State Congress the following year. With this, the movement for political and constitutional reform took impulso.El Hyderabad State Congress agitation coincided with a parallel agitation led by the Arya Samaj and Hindu Mahasabha of VD Savarkar of Hindu civil rights. By far the interests of Congress and Hindu organizations coincided. This put them squarely against the Majlis who were led by Bahadur Yar Jung now. Bahadur Yar Jung was a charismatic figure became popular among Muslims. He also had the ear of the Nizam, Osman Ali. The main objective of Bahadur Yar Jung was to establish that Hyderabad was separated from the rest of India and should be declared a Muslim state. The Majlis also considered the British-style parliamentary democracy as unfit to India in general and Hyderabad in particular. Bahadur Yar Jung summed it up well: "Majlis policy is to maintain the sovereignty of His Exalted Highness intact and to prevent Hindus from establishing supremacy over Muslims." The leadership of Congress was more nationalistic overtones after the arrival of Swami Ramanand Tirtha on the scene. Tirtha came from Gulbarga and as a young man became a sadhu. He became President of the Congress of Hyderabad in 1946 and attracted around him several young men who rose to fame in independent India. The first one was PV Narasimha Rao. Others were former interior minister and Maharashtra Chief Minister, SB Chavan, former Karnataka Chief Minister Veerendra Patil and former chief minister of A.P, C.M, Channa Reddy. Thus Tirtha transformed the Congress party dominated by Marathi speakers and Arya Samajis a broad-based organization that represents the diversity of Hyderabad.Mientras that Congress was gaining strength, the Communists were also active in the areas of language Telugu . They captured the Andhra Mahasabha was formed in 1921 to represent the interests of the Telugu speaking people in 1942. Unlike the Congress of Hyderabad, who took the example of Mahatma Gandhi and launched a movement for democratic rights in the state that run in parallel with the Quit India movement, the Communists joined with the Majlis to support the Nizam, which, being a staunch ally of the British completely immersed in the war effort. When World War II ended the Communists, now along the lines of BT Ranadive militant took the road of armed revolution. It is said that when they went to Stalin for help in 1948, took a look at the map and decided that armed insurrection was impossible to sustain in landlocked Telangana CPI was advised accordingly to seek other ways of coming to power arrival of the army of India introduced major changes in its path being sought from political activity began in the state. The Muslim elite were soon marginalized and many emigrated to Pakistán.Otros as Ali Yavar Jung made a smooth transition to the new orden.Una new bureaucratic elite was installed quickly, even as the communist insurgency was being smothered. The Nizam quickly came to terms with new circumstances and rajpramukh became the last state of the Union of India. Nothing reflects the delivery of the baton better than the transition in the Club of Secunderabad seen in the photo gallery of former Presidents. The Club was a long time and the citadel of power, prestige and privileges in the state has always had a British high as its Chairman. Major General-Edroos C in C Army Hyderabad state became the first non British in 1947. In March 1949 gave way to Major General JN Chaudhry, the Military Governor. Times change and still photos really reflect this! The history of Hyderabad goes on. States Re-organization Charter of 1956 saw an end, areas went to Maharashtra Marathi, Kannada speaking areas of Karnataka, and the city of Hyderabad and Telangana in A.P. were absorbed.