DISPARITIES IN IRRIGATION
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Geographically, Telangana is a part of the Deccan Plateau bounded by the rivers Godavari Pranahita in the north and the Krishna river in the South. Besides these two great rivers there are several small river basins that cross the length and breadth of Telangana.
Agriculture is the main occupation of more than 75 percent of the population, therefore, any model for Telangana development should focus on agricultural development. The success of agriculture depends primarily on the provision of irrigation facilities. The importance of irrigation is known historically as the kingdoms of the past volunteers have tried their best to create irrigation facilities as possible for the benefit of the population. The Kakatiya kings have done pioneering work in the 13th century by building small and medium-sized reservoirs of water storage in the topographically undulating Deccan Plateau. These storage of water intended for irrigation facilities thousands of hectares of farmland. There were hundreds of these remarkable stores including Ramappa, Lakhnavaram, Pakhal and Ghanpur Lagos, still in operation today and stand as our proud heritage.
Historically, Telangana region was part of Hyderabad domain, ruled by the Nizams of Asafjahi dynasty. The composite state of Hyderabad Telangana, Marathwada and parts of Karnataka. The State, which had three different languages are governed by the Nizams until September 1948.
The Nizam Government also encouraged the construction of storages for small-scale irrigation to provide water and land. Earlier this century, available statistics indicate that there were 21,000 small reservoirs that provide irrigation facilities to 8,80,000 hectares.
Water Resources Development in Hyderabad State:
The rulers of Hyderabad state became aware of the importance of developing the resources of the second decade of this century. Ali Nawaz Jung, Nizam engineer prepared a comprehensive development plan of water resources for exploiting the potential of water available in a major river basins of Godavari and Krishna. In 1920, the tributaries of major rivers have been addressed through the construction of several mid-sized projects, irrigation notable among which Pocharam Dindi, Palair, Wyra, Manair and anicuts in Khanapur Ghanpur in Manjira and Godavari.
As a first step towards the development of major irrigation systems, a large irrigation project was planned on the river Manjira proposing the construction of the dam of 140 meters and a storage reservoir with enormous canal system, providing facilities irrigation to 2,75,000 acres. The masonry dam was one of the highest in India at that point in time and was designed and built by engineers from Hyderabad. The construction of the dam began in 1924 and completed in 193 1. The project was inaugurated by the Nizam of Hyderabad and appointed Nizamsagar project. The system of canals and other infrastructure such as roads and communications were conducted in the following years. The project provided irrigation facilities for two crops in one year, and also provide irrigation facilities for 20,000 hectares of sugar cane. As a result, a sugar factory in Bodhan was created with the milling capacity of 2,500 tons, one of the largest sugar factories in Asia at that time. The project was constructed using 58 Nizamsagar TMC Manjira water. Nizamabad district became the most prosperous district of Hyderabad State on account Nizamsagar Project.
Godavari River being the largest river that flows through the state, a major mixed-use project was proposed for irrigation and hydropower development. The proposed project includes the construction of high dam across Godavari near Pochampad and north of the channel in the channel south of the Godavari on the left and right to benefit from hundreds of thousands of hectares of 20 for irrigation Adilabad district north channel and Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda districts in the south channel. The project foresees the use of 330 tmc of Godavari waters. In addition, as part of dam project Kadam forming the channel north of the dam and reservoir bottom Manair that forms the southern channel is also included in the project. Stage I of the infrastructure project comprising as roads, buildings in the main project site and North Godavari canal and a dam on the river were sanctioned Kadam. The works were grounded and were ongoing.
A project across the Manjira River, upstream from somewhere near Nizamsagar Devanur also proposed to provide irrigation benefits Manjira valley in Medak district through the use of 38 tmc of water. The two power plants one at the dam site and another in the alimentary canal, which provided additional supplies Nizamsagar, were also included in the project. Work on access roads and buildings of the camp has started and the procedures for land acquisition for the dam and reservoir began.
River Krishna is the second largest river in the state, development of water resources by building projects started after 1948. First, the construction of the Tungabhadra Dam near Hospet in began in 1948 as a joint venture between the governments in Hyderabad and Mysore. The irrigation canal on the left provides districts of Raichur and Mahaboobnagar State of Hyderabad. The dam and most of the canal system was completed in 1956, but the last stretch of the canal benefit Mahaboobnagar district, which includes the use of water of 19.20 TMC. Due to the reorganization of the states of the whole project was the Federal District and the canal expansion in Mahaboobnagar district stopped.
The construction of the diversion project Rajolibanda was taken in the Tungabhadra river and head works and canals were made mostly in 1956, but due to the reorganization of states, the works of the head and part of the channel went to Karnataka and Most of the canal came to Telangana benefit to 84,000 hectares in the district of Mahaboobnagar through the use of 15.90 tmc of water.
The investigation was completed and the project reports were prepared for the top of Krishna and Bhima Project, providing for the utilization of 54.40 TMC TMC and 100.60, respectively, for the benefit of Mahaboobnagar district. These projects have been committed and approved, but not land.
Hyderabad State engineers began a major research project on the river Krishna and detailed project reports were prepared at two sites namely Yeleshwaram Nandikonda and after studying several alternatives. The approved project provides for the use of 132 tmc of Krishna water, benefiting 10 lakh acres in Nalgonda and Khammam districts. The Government approved the project of Hyderabad with a single channel on the left and all the planning, research and designs were made for the site Nandikonda as the Madras Government was not interested in this site, as already proposed by the project Krishna-Pennar from a high place to take water for the state of Madras. In fact, this was one of the main reasons for the Andhras to start a great agitation, which finally resulted in the formation of Andhra. Only when separate Andhra State was formed in October 1953, that its request, the Nandikonda (named Nagarjuna Sagar) project was a joint project between the State and the State of Andhra Hyderabad and signed an agreement in 1954 for the equitable distribution of the 132 tmc for the left channel and 132 tmc for the right channel. The Nagarjuna Sagar project was inaugurated in 1955 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Jawaharlal Nehru and the execution was accepted. A joint control board was established to implement the proposed project, as agreed by both States.
It is clear from these events that the Government of Hyderabad had planned in a big way for the optimal use of huge potential for water from the rivers Godavari and Krishna for the benefit of the people of Telangana and provide ample irrigation facilities to farmers Telangana area.
Reorganization of State:
With the reorganization of States in November 1956, when Telangana was part of the state of Andhra Pradesh, enlarged, the real problem of development of water resources in place and all major irrigation projects planned and scheduled for implementation in the Telangana area suffered serious setbacks. The Godavari and Krishna river basins was trifurcated, exchange of water by interstate respective regions became a problem. The Reorganization Act states clearly provides that all projects are based and committed to the application before the reorganization of states should not be detained and the rights of people who benefit from these projects were protected by Constitution. But unfortunately, the Government of Andhra Pradesh took no action and the obstacles created against the implementation of projects that benefit the Telangana area. This also suited their interests, as the amounts for Telangana projects can easily be diverted to projects that benefit the Andhra area. Leaders and ministers from Telangana never had any interest in projecting claims Telangana projects and to safeguard the rights acquired by reason of the Reorganization Act states.
The result was the immediate cessation of multi-Godavari Valley, the project, the abandonment of the project and negotiate with Devanur Karnataka to expand Thungabhadra left channel, and sanctioned and running.
Irrigation development in Telangana was practically stopped for seven years from 1956 to 1963. During this period no irrigation project in the valley of the Godavari was collected on the pretext of a dispute over water between states. After several representations of people and some of the leaders of Telangana, quoting extensively from the SR Act, the Minister of Irrigation then the Government of India issued an order allowing the use of only 67 tmc of water to Pochampad by the dam low in 1963, to irrigate 5,70,000 acres in Karimnagar district. The first stone was laid in July 1963, but the budget allocation was almost negligible. For a project whose cost is estimated at 40 crore rupees, the annual allocation was 50 rupees takhs. This went on for 6 years until 1969, and only when the agitation for separate Telangana State took a serious turn, the Government of AP improves the allocation to the project.
This is just an example of a sample of what is happening in a project and there are similar stories in respect of all projects in Telangana.
The Godavari River Basin:
The Godavari River has a catchment area in five states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa. A dispute arose between the various states sharing the river Godavari. The Government of India, under its constitutional powers, appointed a tribunal chaired by Justice Bachawat. Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal in the final award will only be ratified and declared that various agreements reached between the different states as final and binding on the states. AP officials signed the agreement blindly without even looking at your content. Andhra Pradesh, in fact, agreed to give whatever the Federal District or Karnataka or even wanted to put a symbolic claim to safeguard the current use of Telangana projects in. Godavari Valley and the future needs of Telangana projects.
The G.W.D.T. Andhra Pradesh allowed to use as much water TMC 1480, 75 percent based on reliability.
The wide distribution of water is given below
I: Existing projects and projects under construction 680 TMC
II. Future projects to be addressed at 800 TMC
Total of 1480 TMC
I. Existing projects
Telangana:
1. TMC 58.00 Nizamsagar Project
2. TMC 11.60 Kadam Project
3. Sriram Sagar Project (Phase 1) 140.27 TMC
4. Singur / Manjira Water Supply Scheme 15.99 TMC
5. Medium Irrigation Projects 48.44 tmc
6. Minor Irrigation Schemes 85.70 tmc
Total of 360.00 TMCAndhra:
1. Dowleshwaram 263.60 TMC Project
2. Medium Irrigation Projects 14.60 TMC
3. Minor Irrigation Schemes 41.80 tmc
Total of 320.00 TMC
Total for existing systems tmc 680.00
Reliable water available for future projects is 800 TMC. Water allocation should be made taking into account the influence that contributes to the river system and the arable land available for irrigation in the basin. The influence of Telangana area is 61.780 miles square (79 percent) and Andhra basin is 16,420 sq.kms (21 percent). The cultivable land in Telangana Godavari basin is 25.2 lakh hectares and 10.7 hectares in Andhra lakh, which constitute 70 percent and 30 percent respectively. If both or either of the above criteria are applied to water allocation and Andhra Telangana be in the proportion of 70 percent and 30 percent of 1,480 to 1,036 TMC works 44.4 TMC and TMC. The Andhra already used 320 TMC, and the balance can be said is only 124 TMC. However, the government of Andhra Pradesh, regardless of any basis has allocated 405 tmc for future projects of Andhra, the Polavaram only get a share of 4.5 TMC. In all fairness, from unused water of 800 TMC, Telangana future projects should be allotted at least 240 TMC 560 and TMC can be given to future projects of Andhra.
Failure in the use Examination of the use in connection with the deficit completed and show low construction projects considerably Telangana as follows: S.No. Deficit assigned project number of the current use
I. Project Nizamsagar 33.00 58.00 25.00 TMC
II. Kadam Project 11.00 9.50 2.10 TMC
III. SRSP (Stage 1) Project 140.27 65.10 75.17 TMC IV.Medium projects TMC TMC 48.43 34.60 13.83 tmc
Total 258.30 142.10 116.10 TMC TMC TMC
The deficit is mainly due to insufficient allocation of funds and diversion of funds appropriated to other projects. The SRSP (Stage 1) was launched in July 1963 is not yet fully completed, even after 33 years.
Even all along the irrigation projects in Telangana are completed in Godavari Valley, the total irrigated area will be only 7.10 lakh hectares of total cultivable area of 25.20 lakh hectares, which is only 28 percent, while in Andhra area, the current percentage of irrigated area of arable land in the districts of Godavari Valley is 56.50 percent.
Krishna River Basin:The river Krishna from Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats runs 1,280 kilometers through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, which joins the Bay of Bengal. Telangana is entered first, covering a maximum distance. Telangana contributes 68.50 percent of its area of influence, compared to 31.50 percent of the area of Andhra. The state of Hyderabad provides for the use of 459 tmc of Krishna water for the benefit of the Telangana area to irrigate large tracts of land in the drought prone districts of Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda and Khammam. Out of which 294 projects were completed or TMC were ongoing.
Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal assessed the availability of water in the river Krishna in 2060 TMC by 75 percent reliability and allocated 800 TMC of Andhra Pradesh. The allotment to Telangana was 266.83 TMC, TMC and Andhra 500.17 Srisailam reservoir losses TMC 33.00. Telangana requirements were overlooked completely. The amount allotted to Nagarjuna Sagar is 106.20 TMC against the requirement of 132 TMC, TMC 17.84 only Jurala project was assigned to Krishna as an alternative to the upper extension of the proposed Krishna (54.40 TMC) and Bhima Project (100.7 TMC). Therefore the loss of Telangana in the water allocation due to the reorganization of the statements of these two projects is only (155.10 less 17.84) 137.26 TMC.
The main reason for this allocation to projects Telangana reduction is due to the lack of submission by the Government of AP to the Court to safeguard the interests of the Telangana area. Instead Nagarjuna Sagar Project to benefit the Andhra area has an allocation of 174.80 TMC, and the Srisailam reservoir was included as a new project, basically a balance tank, is 33 TMC as losses evaporation. The amazing part of all is that even the assigned TMC 106.20 Nagarjunasagar left canal to the Telangana area was reduced by manipulating the levels and alignment of the left channel during the design stage and implementation. This resulted in actual use down to 89 TMC. Indeed, Sagar Nagarajuna first project initiated by the Government of Hyderabad for the utilization of 132 TMC for Telangana area was reduced to 89 TMC, a loss of 43 tmc due to the formation of Andhra Pradesh.
Krishna excess water:
The Court assigned to the AP 800 TMC reliable flow of 2060 TMC. But let the Court of Andhra Pradesh, being a terminal state, to use the surplus water above the amount appropriated, without acquiring any right, in the use of such until the next revision in 2000 AD
A series of meetings on this issue and agreed by several representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the surplus water should be used equally for projects in both regions. For starters, they agreed to the following two projects from each region:
Andhra Area:
1. Telugu Ganga project for the use of 29 tmc
Srisailam right bank of the canal for the use of 10 tmc
Telangana Area:
1. Srisailam left bank of channels for the use of 30 tmc
Bheema lift irrigation system for the use of 20 tmc
But in practice these two projects in Andhra area were taken up and are being made in the last 13 years and an amount of more than 1,200 crore rupees have been spent so far. They are put in place, while none of the two projects of Telangana has seen no progress. As eyewash Srisailam Left Bank Canal project was put on earth by running channel portion of the work, without even attempting the final identification of the source of supply. A controversy has created the possibility of obtaining water to Srisailam by tunnel or to draw water from Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir. No decision about the last 13 years, and since 2000 AD is only three years away, there is the possibility of this project being taken up and completed. Bhima Lift irrigation system still in cold storage.
The irrigation in the Krishna basin:
The Krishna basin of Telangana is 51,628 sq.km (68.50 percent) and that uptake from Andhra is 23,741 sq.km (31.50 percent). The allocation of water for Telangana is TMC 266.83 (37.50 percent) and Andhra allocation is 500. 17 TMC (62.50 percent). The total acreage of Telangana on Krishna basin is 22.40 lakh hectares. The total irrigated area of all irrigation projects is 5.38 lakh hectares, which is about 24 percent. In Ranga Reddy district is 9.76 percent, Mahaboobnagar 14.27 percent, 21.68 percent Khammam Nalgonda and 33.07 percent. However, the percentage of area irrigated by the waters of the Krishna in Andhra area is 76.72 percent in Krishna district and 63.10 percent in the district of Guntur.
Telangana: Disparity irrigation:
The Telangana region, which has a total acreage of 47.60 lakh hectares have irrigation facility only 8.57 hectares sure lakh with all existing projects and completion of all ongoing irrigation projects large and medium enterprises. The overall security irrigation of arable total of 18 percent, which is the lowest by any standard. This disparity of extensive irrigation, despite having considerable potential for water, mainly due to deliberate neglect by all governments were in power from I-11-56, to deprive the benefits of irrigation Telangana farmers and to maintain the economy of the rearward region. Telangana today is one of the most underdeveloped regions and economically backward in India. This is mainly due to the loss he received in the development of irrigated agriculture. A study in the command areas of irrigation projects in different parts of the country has shown that income levels of farmers in the post-irrigation has improved by 5 to 7 times in general and in some cases the increase is 14 times. One can imagine how much damage has been done to the economy of Telangana as a whole in the last 40 years, when the region was deprived of water utilization of 472 TMC, which could have provided irrigation to about 19 lakh. hectares of arable land.
Future of Irrigation in Telangana:
Naturally, everyone gets upset and asks if you can do anything in the future with a long delay and the damage inflicted on the water front.There is always hope as long as the people of Telangana as a whole take this issue seriously and make a concerted effort to address the problem. The normal method of submitting requests and memos can not solve the problem. Everyone concerned should sit together and think a little seriously and adopt a very bold and innovative approach in the selection of projects and continues to fight for its approval, execution and termination.
The Telangana region, being part of the Deccan Plateau is at a disadvantage in terms of irrigation by gravity flow. Since most of the water that could be obtained was private and took him away due to political considerations and regional Telangana arable land is in the middle of the contours of + 300 + 2000 feet and the availability of water as at present in these elevations is very limited. Therefore, any future development of irrigation Telangana component should have a much higher lift irrigation. When the flow of irrigation potential is still available could be fully utilized.
New irrigation projects proposed for Telangana
Project Name Ayacut Water use (in hectares) Districts benefited
Irrigatioin Flow Projects (more)
Sriramsagar : 2,80,000 69.80 Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda
Project 48 000 12.00 Penganga Adilabad (Joint venture with Govt.of Maharashtra)
Pedda Vanglada Adilabad 33,000 8.40
Srisailam: left bank of the channel 1,20,000 Nalgonda 30.00
1b. Flow irrigation projects (medium)
Ten medium irrigation projects Adilabad and Nizamabad 16.50 66 000 Khammam
Total flow irrigation projects 5,47,000 136.70
II. Lift irrigation projects:
Pranahita lift irrigation system 48 000 12.00 Adilabad
Bheema lift irrigation system 20.00 80 000 Mahaboobnagar
Lift irrigation Jurala @ scherne 18.00 72000-do-
Irrigation project on the left Icchampally Karimnagar Khammam 350.00 14,00,000 Warangal, Medak Ranga Ready, Mahaboobnagar
Total lift irrigation systems 16,00,000 400.00
All the projects mentioned above are important and should be taken without further delay. But I will make special mention of a project to which the future prosperity of Telangana.
Icchampally Lift Irrigation Project:
The Godavari River has a huge potential for water only after its confluence with Indravati. The site is Icchampally Godavari after the confluence above. A major mixed-use project was planned and researched by the Government of Hyderabad before 1955. The reservoir level was originally set at the level 410 + feet, which was reduced to a 370 + feet. The project was proposed as a joint venture with Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The distribution of the benefits of irrigation and power is contemplated that the various states. However, the results of the formation of reservoirs in several serious problems. It will submerge 2,70,00 hectares including 54,900 hectares of forest reserve in the first three states. It also plunges 148 villages with a population of 90,000 inhabitants, most of them tribal. The project report has been prepared and sent to Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Government of India. The governments of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have not agreed to the project and expressed their unwillingness to any dive in their states. The Government of India has rejected the project as a whole as unacceptable due to an environmental problem and has advised the state government to abandon the proposed reserve. There is no hope of reservoir project will materialize in the future. Telangana development is closely linked to the use of available water in the Godavari Icchampally. Therefore, an alternative project is proposed to be called "Icchampally Lift Irrigation Project."
The construction of the dam (low dam) across the river Godavari Icchampally site with pond water level in feet + 300.00 + At this level of 300.00 feet there will be no collapse of the entire land, forest or town , and water is stored only in the banks of rivers.
2. The survey of 350 tmc of water from the dam Icchampally to various places in Telangana area by installing suitable pumping stations, to provide irrigation facilities to 14 lakh hectares of land and in seven districts of Telangana.
3. The placement of network pumping from the dam site buffer
deposit, the first of such deposit be Pakhal Lake in Warangal district.
4. Water elevation of Lake Pakhal Hanamkonda and pumping station on the network.
5. Distribution system to provide irrigation facilities to the high areas of the districts of Warangal and Khammam.
6. The placement of the pipe from the dam to Lower Manair Hanamkonda.y
7. Elevation of bottom water from the dam to provide irrigation Manair highland districts of Medak and Karimnagar.
8. Pumping and gravity network of Hanamkonda to Shamirpet lake near Hyderabad.
9. Provide irrigation Jangoan, Bhongir and Ramannapet areas of Warangal and Nalgonda districts.
10. Laying of pumping main Shamirpet Haldi Lake dam project in Medak.
11. To provide irrigation facilities to Gajwel, Medchal and Sangareddy areas of Medak and Ranga Reddy Districts.
12. Laying network of pumping and gravity deposits Himayatsagar and Osman Sagar near the city of Hyderabad.
13. Providing drinking water to the city and the irrigation areas in RR district.
14. Placement of gravity and pumping network Makhtal Himayatsagar of Mahaboobnagar district.
15. Provide and irrigated areas of Mahaboobnagar district.
16. The proposal of the project includes improvements to several existing stores in new stores and training required where essential for balancing purposes.
17. The water distribution system consists of open channels, pipes supply lines, sprinkler systems and irrigation drip irrigation systems, depending on the area, the levels and topography.
18. Water use will be more economically by using modern methods of water management and water requirements of crops. The project described above is feasible and essential for the development of Telangana.
A detailed project preparation and complete required. The government can not have what it takes. manpower and expertise to develop a project of this type and magnitude.
A consortium of experts composed of civil engineers, irrigation experts, energy engineers, agricultural experts, economists and social workers have to be formed to study the detailed aspects and prepare a report on the project.
Geographically, Telangana is a part of the Deccan Plateau bounded by the rivers Godavari Pranahita in the north and the Krishna river in the South. Besides these two great rivers there are several small river basins that cross the length and breadth of Telangana.
Agriculture is the main occupation of more than 75 percent of the population, therefore, any model for Telangana development should focus on agricultural development. The success of agriculture depends primarily on the provision of irrigation facilities. The importance of irrigation is known historically as the kingdoms of the past volunteers have tried their best to create irrigation facilities as possible for the benefit of the population. The Kakatiya kings have done pioneering work in the 13th century by building small and medium-sized reservoirs of water storage in the topographically undulating Deccan Plateau. These storage of water intended for irrigation facilities thousands of hectares of farmland. There were hundreds of these remarkable stores including Ramappa, Lakhnavaram, Pakhal and Ghanpur Lagos, still in operation today and stand as our proud heritage.
Historically, Telangana region was part of Hyderabad domain, ruled by the Nizams of Asafjahi dynasty. The composite state of Hyderabad Telangana, Marathwada and parts of Karnataka. The State, which had three different languages are governed by the Nizams until September 1948.
The Nizam Government also encouraged the construction of storages for small-scale irrigation to provide water and land. Earlier this century, available statistics indicate that there were 21,000 small reservoirs that provide irrigation facilities to 8,80,000 hectares.
Water Resources Development in Hyderabad State:
The rulers of Hyderabad state became aware of the importance of developing the resources of the second decade of this century. Ali Nawaz Jung, Nizam engineer prepared a comprehensive development plan of water resources for exploiting the potential of water available in a major river basins of Godavari and Krishna. In 1920, the tributaries of major rivers have been addressed through the construction of several mid-sized projects, irrigation notable among which Pocharam Dindi, Palair, Wyra, Manair and anicuts in Khanapur Ghanpur in Manjira and Godavari.
As a first step towards the development of major irrigation systems, a large irrigation project was planned on the river Manjira proposing the construction of the dam of 140 meters and a storage reservoir with enormous canal system, providing facilities irrigation to 2,75,000 acres. The masonry dam was one of the highest in India at that point in time and was designed and built by engineers from Hyderabad. The construction of the dam began in 1924 and completed in 193 1. The project was inaugurated by the Nizam of Hyderabad and appointed Nizamsagar project. The system of canals and other infrastructure such as roads and communications were conducted in the following years. The project provided irrigation facilities for two crops in one year, and also provide irrigation facilities for 20,000 hectares of sugar cane. As a result, a sugar factory in Bodhan was created with the milling capacity of 2,500 tons, one of the largest sugar factories in Asia at that time. The project was constructed using 58 Nizamsagar TMC Manjira water. Nizamabad district became the most prosperous district of Hyderabad State on account Nizamsagar Project.
Godavari River being the largest river that flows through the state, a major mixed-use project was proposed for irrigation and hydropower development. The proposed project includes the construction of high dam across Godavari near Pochampad and north of the channel in the channel south of the Godavari on the left and right to benefit from hundreds of thousands of hectares of 20 for irrigation Adilabad district north channel and Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda districts in the south channel. The project foresees the use of 330 tmc of Godavari waters. In addition, as part of dam project Kadam forming the channel north of the dam and reservoir bottom Manair that forms the southern channel is also included in the project. Stage I of the infrastructure project comprising as roads, buildings in the main project site and North Godavari canal and a dam on the river were sanctioned Kadam. The works were grounded and were ongoing.
A project across the Manjira River, upstream from somewhere near Nizamsagar Devanur also proposed to provide irrigation benefits Manjira valley in Medak district through the use of 38 tmc of water. The two power plants one at the dam site and another in the alimentary canal, which provided additional supplies Nizamsagar, were also included in the project. Work on access roads and buildings of the camp has started and the procedures for land acquisition for the dam and reservoir began.
River Krishna is the second largest river in the state, development of water resources by building projects started after 1948. First, the construction of the Tungabhadra Dam near Hospet in began in 1948 as a joint venture between the governments in Hyderabad and Mysore. The irrigation canal on the left provides districts of Raichur and Mahaboobnagar State of Hyderabad. The dam and most of the canal system was completed in 1956, but the last stretch of the canal benefit Mahaboobnagar district, which includes the use of water of 19.20 TMC. Due to the reorganization of the states of the whole project was the Federal District and the canal expansion in Mahaboobnagar district stopped.
The construction of the diversion project Rajolibanda was taken in the Tungabhadra river and head works and canals were made mostly in 1956, but due to the reorganization of states, the works of the head and part of the channel went to Karnataka and Most of the canal came to Telangana benefit to 84,000 hectares in the district of Mahaboobnagar through the use of 15.90 tmc of water.
The investigation was completed and the project reports were prepared for the top of Krishna and Bhima Project, providing for the utilization of 54.40 TMC TMC and 100.60, respectively, for the benefit of Mahaboobnagar district. These projects have been committed and approved, but not land.
Hyderabad State engineers began a major research project on the river Krishna and detailed project reports were prepared at two sites namely Yeleshwaram Nandikonda and after studying several alternatives. The approved project provides for the use of 132 tmc of Krishna water, benefiting 10 lakh acres in Nalgonda and Khammam districts. The Government approved the project of Hyderabad with a single channel on the left and all the planning, research and designs were made for the site Nandikonda as the Madras Government was not interested in this site, as already proposed by the project Krishna-Pennar from a high place to take water for the state of Madras. In fact, this was one of the main reasons for the Andhras to start a great agitation, which finally resulted in the formation of Andhra. Only when separate Andhra State was formed in October 1953, that its request, the Nandikonda (named Nagarjuna Sagar) project was a joint project between the State and the State of Andhra Hyderabad and signed an agreement in 1954 for the equitable distribution of the 132 tmc for the left channel and 132 tmc for the right channel. The Nagarjuna Sagar project was inaugurated in 1955 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Jawaharlal Nehru and the execution was accepted. A joint control board was established to implement the proposed project, as agreed by both States.
It is clear from these events that the Government of Hyderabad had planned in a big way for the optimal use of huge potential for water from the rivers Godavari and Krishna for the benefit of the people of Telangana and provide ample irrigation facilities to farmers Telangana area.
Reorganization of State:
With the reorganization of States in November 1956, when Telangana was part of the state of Andhra Pradesh, enlarged, the real problem of development of water resources in place and all major irrigation projects planned and scheduled for implementation in the Telangana area suffered serious setbacks. The Godavari and Krishna river basins was trifurcated, exchange of water by interstate respective regions became a problem. The Reorganization Act states clearly provides that all projects are based and committed to the application before the reorganization of states should not be detained and the rights of people who benefit from these projects were protected by Constitution. But unfortunately, the Government of Andhra Pradesh took no action and the obstacles created against the implementation of projects that benefit the Telangana area. This also suited their interests, as the amounts for Telangana projects can easily be diverted to projects that benefit the Andhra area. Leaders and ministers from Telangana never had any interest in projecting claims Telangana projects and to safeguard the rights acquired by reason of the Reorganization Act states.
The result was the immediate cessation of multi-Godavari Valley, the project, the abandonment of the project and negotiate with Devanur Karnataka to expand Thungabhadra left channel, and sanctioned and running.
Irrigation development in Telangana was practically stopped for seven years from 1956 to 1963. During this period no irrigation project in the valley of the Godavari was collected on the pretext of a dispute over water between states. After several representations of people and some of the leaders of Telangana, quoting extensively from the SR Act, the Minister of Irrigation then the Government of India issued an order allowing the use of only 67 tmc of water to Pochampad by the dam low in 1963, to irrigate 5,70,000 acres in Karimnagar district. The first stone was laid in July 1963, but the budget allocation was almost negligible. For a project whose cost is estimated at 40 crore rupees, the annual allocation was 50 rupees takhs. This went on for 6 years until 1969, and only when the agitation for separate Telangana State took a serious turn, the Government of AP improves the allocation to the project.
This is just an example of a sample of what is happening in a project and there are similar stories in respect of all projects in Telangana.
The Godavari River Basin:
The Godavari River has a catchment area in five states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa. A dispute arose between the various states sharing the river Godavari. The Government of India, under its constitutional powers, appointed a tribunal chaired by Justice Bachawat. Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal in the final award will only be ratified and declared that various agreements reached between the different states as final and binding on the states. AP officials signed the agreement blindly without even looking at your content. Andhra Pradesh, in fact, agreed to give whatever the Federal District or Karnataka or even wanted to put a symbolic claim to safeguard the current use of Telangana projects in. Godavari Valley and the future needs of Telangana projects.
The G.W.D.T. Andhra Pradesh allowed to use as much water TMC 1480, 75 percent based on reliability.
The wide distribution of water is given below
I: Existing projects and projects under construction 680 TMC
II. Future projects to be addressed at 800 TMC
Total of 1480 TMC
I. Existing projects
Telangana:
1. TMC 58.00 Nizamsagar Project
2. TMC 11.60 Kadam Project
3. Sriram Sagar Project (Phase 1) 140.27 TMC
4. Singur / Manjira Water Supply Scheme 15.99 TMC
5. Medium Irrigation Projects 48.44 tmc
6. Minor Irrigation Schemes 85.70 tmc
Total of 360.00 TMCAndhra:
1. Dowleshwaram 263.60 TMC Project
2. Medium Irrigation Projects 14.60 TMC
3. Minor Irrigation Schemes 41.80 tmc
Total of 320.00 TMC
Total for existing systems tmc 680.00
Reliable water available for future projects is 800 TMC. Water allocation should be made taking into account the influence that contributes to the river system and the arable land available for irrigation in the basin. The influence of Telangana area is 61.780 miles square (79 percent) and Andhra basin is 16,420 sq.kms (21 percent). The cultivable land in Telangana Godavari basin is 25.2 lakh hectares and 10.7 hectares in Andhra lakh, which constitute 70 percent and 30 percent respectively. If both or either of the above criteria are applied to water allocation and Andhra Telangana be in the proportion of 70 percent and 30 percent of 1,480 to 1,036 TMC works 44.4 TMC and TMC. The Andhra already used 320 TMC, and the balance can be said is only 124 TMC. However, the government of Andhra Pradesh, regardless of any basis has allocated 405 tmc for future projects of Andhra, the Polavaram only get a share of 4.5 TMC. In all fairness, from unused water of 800 TMC, Telangana future projects should be allotted at least 240 TMC 560 and TMC can be given to future projects of Andhra.
Failure in the use Examination of the use in connection with the deficit completed and show low construction projects considerably Telangana as follows: S.No. Deficit assigned project number of the current use
I. Project Nizamsagar 33.00 58.00 25.00 TMC
II. Kadam Project 11.00 9.50 2.10 TMC
III. SRSP (Stage 1) Project 140.27 65.10 75.17 TMC IV.Medium projects TMC TMC 48.43 34.60 13.83 tmc
Total 258.30 142.10 116.10 TMC TMC TMC
The deficit is mainly due to insufficient allocation of funds and diversion of funds appropriated to other projects. The SRSP (Stage 1) was launched in July 1963 is not yet fully completed, even after 33 years.
Even all along the irrigation projects in Telangana are completed in Godavari Valley, the total irrigated area will be only 7.10 lakh hectares of total cultivable area of 25.20 lakh hectares, which is only 28 percent, while in Andhra area, the current percentage of irrigated area of arable land in the districts of Godavari Valley is 56.50 percent.
Krishna River Basin:The river Krishna from Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats runs 1,280 kilometers through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, which joins the Bay of Bengal. Telangana is entered first, covering a maximum distance. Telangana contributes 68.50 percent of its area of influence, compared to 31.50 percent of the area of Andhra. The state of Hyderabad provides for the use of 459 tmc of Krishna water for the benefit of the Telangana area to irrigate large tracts of land in the drought prone districts of Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda and Khammam. Out of which 294 projects were completed or TMC were ongoing.
Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal assessed the availability of water in the river Krishna in 2060 TMC by 75 percent reliability and allocated 800 TMC of Andhra Pradesh. The allotment to Telangana was 266.83 TMC, TMC and Andhra 500.17 Srisailam reservoir losses TMC 33.00. Telangana requirements were overlooked completely. The amount allotted to Nagarjuna Sagar is 106.20 TMC against the requirement of 132 TMC, TMC 17.84 only Jurala project was assigned to Krishna as an alternative to the upper extension of the proposed Krishna (54.40 TMC) and Bhima Project (100.7 TMC). Therefore the loss of Telangana in the water allocation due to the reorganization of the statements of these two projects is only (155.10 less 17.84) 137.26 TMC.
The main reason for this allocation to projects Telangana reduction is due to the lack of submission by the Government of AP to the Court to safeguard the interests of the Telangana area. Instead Nagarjuna Sagar Project to benefit the Andhra area has an allocation of 174.80 TMC, and the Srisailam reservoir was included as a new project, basically a balance tank, is 33 TMC as losses evaporation. The amazing part of all is that even the assigned TMC 106.20 Nagarjunasagar left canal to the Telangana area was reduced by manipulating the levels and alignment of the left channel during the design stage and implementation. This resulted in actual use down to 89 TMC. Indeed, Sagar Nagarajuna first project initiated by the Government of Hyderabad for the utilization of 132 TMC for Telangana area was reduced to 89 TMC, a loss of 43 tmc due to the formation of Andhra Pradesh.
Krishna excess water:
The Court assigned to the AP 800 TMC reliable flow of 2060 TMC. But let the Court of Andhra Pradesh, being a terminal state, to use the surplus water above the amount appropriated, without acquiring any right, in the use of such until the next revision in 2000 AD
A series of meetings on this issue and agreed by several representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the surplus water should be used equally for projects in both regions. For starters, they agreed to the following two projects from each region:
Andhra Area:
1. Telugu Ganga project for the use of 29 tmc
Srisailam right bank of the canal for the use of 10 tmc
Telangana Area:
1. Srisailam left bank of channels for the use of 30 tmc
Bheema lift irrigation system for the use of 20 tmc
But in practice these two projects in Andhra area were taken up and are being made in the last 13 years and an amount of more than 1,200 crore rupees have been spent so far. They are put in place, while none of the two projects of Telangana has seen no progress. As eyewash Srisailam Left Bank Canal project was put on earth by running channel portion of the work, without even attempting the final identification of the source of supply. A controversy has created the possibility of obtaining water to Srisailam by tunnel or to draw water from Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir. No decision about the last 13 years, and since 2000 AD is only three years away, there is the possibility of this project being taken up and completed. Bhima Lift irrigation system still in cold storage.
The irrigation in the Krishna basin:
The Krishna basin of Telangana is 51,628 sq.km (68.50 percent) and that uptake from Andhra is 23,741 sq.km (31.50 percent). The allocation of water for Telangana is TMC 266.83 (37.50 percent) and Andhra allocation is 500. 17 TMC (62.50 percent). The total acreage of Telangana on Krishna basin is 22.40 lakh hectares. The total irrigated area of all irrigation projects is 5.38 lakh hectares, which is about 24 percent. In Ranga Reddy district is 9.76 percent, Mahaboobnagar 14.27 percent, 21.68 percent Khammam Nalgonda and 33.07 percent. However, the percentage of area irrigated by the waters of the Krishna in Andhra area is 76.72 percent in Krishna district and 63.10 percent in the district of Guntur.
Telangana: Disparity irrigation:
The Telangana region, which has a total acreage of 47.60 lakh hectares have irrigation facility only 8.57 hectares sure lakh with all existing projects and completion of all ongoing irrigation projects large and medium enterprises. The overall security irrigation of arable total of 18 percent, which is the lowest by any standard. This disparity of extensive irrigation, despite having considerable potential for water, mainly due to deliberate neglect by all governments were in power from I-11-56, to deprive the benefits of irrigation Telangana farmers and to maintain the economy of the rearward region. Telangana today is one of the most underdeveloped regions and economically backward in India. This is mainly due to the loss he received in the development of irrigated agriculture. A study in the command areas of irrigation projects in different parts of the country has shown that income levels of farmers in the post-irrigation has improved by 5 to 7 times in general and in some cases the increase is 14 times. One can imagine how much damage has been done to the economy of Telangana as a whole in the last 40 years, when the region was deprived of water utilization of 472 TMC, which could have provided irrigation to about 19 lakh. hectares of arable land.
Future of Irrigation in Telangana:
Naturally, everyone gets upset and asks if you can do anything in the future with a long delay and the damage inflicted on the water front.There is always hope as long as the people of Telangana as a whole take this issue seriously and make a concerted effort to address the problem. The normal method of submitting requests and memos can not solve the problem. Everyone concerned should sit together and think a little seriously and adopt a very bold and innovative approach in the selection of projects and continues to fight for its approval, execution and termination.
The Telangana region, being part of the Deccan Plateau is at a disadvantage in terms of irrigation by gravity flow. Since most of the water that could be obtained was private and took him away due to political considerations and regional Telangana arable land is in the middle of the contours of + 300 + 2000 feet and the availability of water as at present in these elevations is very limited. Therefore, any future development of irrigation Telangana component should have a much higher lift irrigation. When the flow of irrigation potential is still available could be fully utilized.
New irrigation projects proposed for Telangana
Project Name Ayacut Water use (in hectares) Districts benefited
Irrigatioin Flow Projects (more)
Sriramsagar : 2,80,000 69.80 Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda
Project 48 000 12.00 Penganga Adilabad (Joint venture with Govt.of Maharashtra)
Pedda Vanglada Adilabad 33,000 8.40
Srisailam: left bank of the channel 1,20,000 Nalgonda 30.00
1b. Flow irrigation projects (medium)
Ten medium irrigation projects Adilabad and Nizamabad 16.50 66 000 Khammam
Total flow irrigation projects 5,47,000 136.70
II. Lift irrigation projects:
Pranahita lift irrigation system 48 000 12.00 Adilabad
Bheema lift irrigation system 20.00 80 000 Mahaboobnagar
Lift irrigation Jurala @ scherne 18.00 72000-do-
Irrigation project on the left Icchampally Karimnagar Khammam 350.00 14,00,000 Warangal, Medak Ranga Ready, Mahaboobnagar
Total lift irrigation systems 16,00,000 400.00
All the projects mentioned above are important and should be taken without further delay. But I will make special mention of a project to which the future prosperity of Telangana.
Icchampally Lift Irrigation Project:
The Godavari River has a huge potential for water only after its confluence with Indravati. The site is Icchampally Godavari after the confluence above. A major mixed-use project was planned and researched by the Government of Hyderabad before 1955. The reservoir level was originally set at the level 410 + feet, which was reduced to a 370 + feet. The project was proposed as a joint venture with Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The distribution of the benefits of irrigation and power is contemplated that the various states. However, the results of the formation of reservoirs in several serious problems. It will submerge 2,70,00 hectares including 54,900 hectares of forest reserve in the first three states. It also plunges 148 villages with a population of 90,000 inhabitants, most of them tribal. The project report has been prepared and sent to Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Government of India. The governments of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh have not agreed to the project and expressed their unwillingness to any dive in their states. The Government of India has rejected the project as a whole as unacceptable due to an environmental problem and has advised the state government to abandon the proposed reserve. There is no hope of reservoir project will materialize in the future. Telangana development is closely linked to the use of available water in the Godavari Icchampally. Therefore, an alternative project is proposed to be called "Icchampally Lift Irrigation Project."
The construction of the dam (low dam) across the river Godavari Icchampally site with pond water level in feet + 300.00 + At this level of 300.00 feet there will be no collapse of the entire land, forest or town , and water is stored only in the banks of rivers.
2. The survey of 350 tmc of water from the dam Icchampally to various places in Telangana area by installing suitable pumping stations, to provide irrigation facilities to 14 lakh hectares of land and in seven districts of Telangana.
3. The placement of network pumping from the dam site buffer
deposit, the first of such deposit be Pakhal Lake in Warangal district.
4. Water elevation of Lake Pakhal Hanamkonda and pumping station on the network.
5. Distribution system to provide irrigation facilities to the high areas of the districts of Warangal and Khammam.
6. The placement of the pipe from the dam to Lower Manair Hanamkonda.y
7. Elevation of bottom water from the dam to provide irrigation Manair highland districts of Medak and Karimnagar.
8. Pumping and gravity network of Hanamkonda to Shamirpet lake near Hyderabad.
9. Provide irrigation Jangoan, Bhongir and Ramannapet areas of Warangal and Nalgonda districts.
10. Laying of pumping main Shamirpet Haldi Lake dam project in Medak.
11. To provide irrigation facilities to Gajwel, Medchal and Sangareddy areas of Medak and Ranga Reddy Districts.
12. Laying network of pumping and gravity deposits Himayatsagar and Osman Sagar near the city of Hyderabad.
13. Providing drinking water to the city and the irrigation areas in RR district.
14. Placement of gravity and pumping network Makhtal Himayatsagar of Mahaboobnagar district.
15. Provide and irrigated areas of Mahaboobnagar district.
16. The proposal of the project includes improvements to several existing stores in new stores and training required where essential for balancing purposes.
17. The water distribution system consists of open channels, pipes supply lines, sprinkler systems and irrigation drip irrigation systems, depending on the area, the levels and topography.
18. Water use will be more economically by using modern methods of water management and water requirements of crops. The project described above is feasible and essential for the development of Telangana.
A detailed project preparation and complete required. The government can not have what it takes. manpower and expertise to develop a project of this type and magnitude.
A consortium of experts composed of civil engineers, irrigation experts, energy engineers, agricultural experts, economists and social workers have to be formed to study the detailed aspects and prepare a report on the project.